Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): April, 2026

19 authors from institutions in Indonesia, Libya, and Bangladesh contributed to these five articles. The first article, Deliar Noer’s Perspective on Identity Politics as Practiced by Islamic Political Parties, written by Fiqi Restu Subekti and Taufik Awan Wibowo, examines Deliar Noer’s thoughts on identity politics and its practice within Islamic political parties. This article highlights the relevance of political identity, Islamic political movements, and ideological articulation in understanding the dynamics of party politics. The second article, The Political Economy of Digital Inequality and Education Rights in Kenya and Indonesia, by Alwy Ahmed Mohamed, Mowafg Masuwd, Mahmudulhassan Mahmudulhassan, and Usman Aliyu Yunusa, discusses the relationship between digital inequality and the fulfillment of education rights in Kenya and Indonesia. The study emphasizes that unequal access to digital infrastructure, technology, and educational resources may affect the realization of inclusive and equitable education. The third article, The Effectiveness of South Korean Government Policies in Addressing the Low Fertility Rate Crisis: A Human Development Approach and Impact Evaluation, written by Alya Nadzira, Abrar Arkeisha, Nursabilah Aisyah, Nasution Sartika, and Mahadiansar Mahadiansar, analyzes the effectiveness of South Korean government policies in responding to the low fertility rate crisis. This article underlines the importance of human development, policy evaluation, and demographic governance in addressing long-term population challenges. The fourth article, Analysis of Ireland’s Economic Policy Response to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and Its Impact on the National Economy, by Mufida Fisca Salsabilla, Siti Nur Aisyah, Suci Irianti, and Nurzalina Nurzalina, examines Ireland’s economic policy response to the 2008 global financial crisis. The study shows how fiscal, financial, and institutional policy measures influenced national economic recovery and resilience. The fifth article, Local Government as Linkage Actors: Domestic Sources of Foreign Policy in the United States, written by Grace Natali Simbolon, Leony Agustin, Ledy Krishonni Sianturi, and Mirna Wahyuni, explores the role of local government as linkage actors in shaping foreign policy from domestic sources in the United States. This article demonstrates that local political actors, subnational interests, and domestic institutional dynamics may contribute to broader foreign policy processes.